Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y, sample. Theory x and theory y introduction leadership in organizations requires. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. According to mcgregor, leaders who hold theory y assumptions believe that most employees do not dislike work. Douglas mcgregor s in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y biography of douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born on 1906 in detroit, america. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach.
Nov 10, 2020 developed in the 1960s by douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. Disadvantages of mcgregor theory x or criticism of theory x. Several managers influenced by theory x, and generally get poor results. In his book, the human side of enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. Using the text and at least three other legitimate resources, write a 35 page paper that compares and contrasts mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory y make assumptions that people in the work force are internally. Aug 19, 2020 mcgregor s theory is also from being one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee.
However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregor s theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. This essay will give some background knowledge into those theories but will primarily focus on mcgregor s development of his theory x and theory y, incorporating how they evolved, what they are and how relevant they are to managers of the 21st century. Disadvantages of mcgregor theory x or criticism of theory x the disadvantage of theory x implies that an organization relies solely on monetary rewards to satisfy the employees. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of individuals is based on various assumptions. Theory y show the optimistic nature of the employees in the workplace. Studies have shown that the theory x style of management. A theory x management style may be wellsuited for this type of structured, processdriven workplace. X theory is regarded as the means to supervise and control the workers. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to.
He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. This is the degree to which the leader considers the needs of their team members when deciding how best to complete a task. Mar 25, 2020 theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory. Feb 27, 2021 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Douglas mcgregor, one of maslow s students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature theory x and theory y the theory x management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature. Blake and mouton managerial grid leadership training from epm. Decision making in all fields is entrusted with the managers. Although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregor s initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the substantive validity of his theorizing on the effects of individual differences in. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees.
Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. Theory x and y diagramconclusion theory x y by mcgregor is one of the easy ways to conduct people with natural rules, in daily business which goes through pressure. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog. Use of mcgregor s theory x and theory y is still relevant to management and motivation in the business world 2, 3. Mar 19, 2012 what are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and theory y. While theory y may seem optimal, it does have some drawbacks. Theory x and theory y allocate the job of management into two styles and, just like your algebra class, x and y dont work totally independently, although you can manage in a style that is mostly a theory x or theory y management style. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the massachusetts institute of technology mit sloan school of management in the 1950s and developed further in the 1960s. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y.
Blake and mouton managerial grid leadership training. Douglas mcgregor theory x and y advantages of theory x and. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Theory x management can obviously lead to a very punitive atmosphere with a strong blame culture. Theory x and theory y team management training from. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. Douglas mcgregor theory x and y advantages of theory x. It is to mcgregor s thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y.
Pdf comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and. I will argue that the theory x and theory y perspective can be beneficial. May 02, 2017 key difference theory x vs theory y theory x and theory y were introduced in 1960 by douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist in his book the human side of enterprise. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Theory y management exhibits characteristics such as communicating openly with the team, facilitating employee engagement in influencing decision making, and creating a supportive environment in which to work. Mcgregors theories x and y introduction to business.
In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Douglas mcgregor, a behavior management theorist who was heavily. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand. The grid tries to find the middle ground between mcgregor s theory x and theory y employees.
Mcgregor considered theoryx and theoryy as two perspectives of administration action. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. On theory x, we are selfinterested individuals who seek wealth and pleasure. Theory x and theory y to pick the best management style. Pdf organizational behaviour in the context of people. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. External motivation includes the forces which exist inside the individuals as well as the controlled by the manager, including items such as salaries, working conditions, company policy and job content items, such as recognition. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management when he proposed the two motivational theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. In this video we are going to be looking at douglas mcgregor theory x and theory y managers. Douglas mcgregor, one of maslow s students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature theory x and theory y.
What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x and y on resulting behavior and productivity. Mcgregor believed that highly controlling and autocratic supervisory styles based on theory x assumptions would most likely be inefficient because they waste human potential that could make substantial contributions to the organisation. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. Mcgregors theory x and theory y published by samantha logan using the text and at least three other legitimate resources, write a 35 page paper that compares and contrasts mcgregors theory x and theory y. What is the difference between mcgregors theory x and. The use of a theory y perspective has previously been advocated at a number of different levels in education 47. It is one of the theories of motivation on what motivates employees in the workplace. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. What application do the findings have in criminal justice organizations. Difference between theory x and theory y compare the.
Theory x assumes that people dislike work and will avoid doing anything they dont have to do. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x and y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y organizational behavior. May 15, 2017 the major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Mcgregor s work was based on maslows hierarchy of needs, and he proposed that theory x only filled lowerorder needs, whereas theory y fulfilled higherorder needs. The theory operates on the premise that employees are highly motivated that they can seek responsibilities and can perform up to expectation when clear goals and direction are given to them. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and theory y. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. In this study, we will explore the relationship between theory x, theory y, and organizational performance. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, thomas mcgregor started his business and given its name as, mcgregor institute.
Each type of manager makes different assumptions about their. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory x y attitudes and theory x y behaviors. He referred to these opposing motivational theories as theory x and theory y. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other. The leadership strategy employed depends on the assumptions made about human nature. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and.
Theory x y assumptions as predictors of managers propensity for participative decision making. The theory operates on the premise that employees are highly motivated. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. Do want to work theory y managers treat people well and like people capable of working hard and contributing to the organisation. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and carry out work. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Dec 04, 2020 is limited, particularly regarding mcgregor s seminal work with theory x and theory y. Advantages and disadvantages of deliberative democracy. Jun 03, 2017 the major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y.
The disadvantage of theory x implies that an organization relies solely on monetary rewards to satisfy the employees. Also in your paper, discuss if the theories are applicable for current day employees. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y motivation. Mcgregors theory x and y douglas mcgregor wrote the book the human side of enterprise in 1960 he examined individuals behaviour at work. Advantages and disadvants of theory x and theory y. Mcgregor named these assumptions as theory x and theory this essay would examine the pros and cons of this theory of employee motivation, followed by writers opinion. What is the difference between mcgregors theory x and theory. The problem with theory x then is that, according to maslow, once a lower order need is satisfied there is no longer a need. However it could make employees with this attitude resentful of the managers, demotivating them more which could leave to staff leaving and wasted time and resources trying to change their work ethic.
Mba 101 leadership, motivation mcgregor theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y douglas mcgregors in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in. A powtoon video highlighting the advantages of mcgregor s theory x and y while highlighting the disadvantages of the other 3 theories. The concept of mcgregor says that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x is good as it focuses on the people who arent performing for the business, which could affect the productivity of the firm. The research paper on organisational objectives theory mcgregor managers. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. Douglas mcgregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called theory x and theory y. Feb 23, 2017 douglas mcgregor introduced two theories called as theoryx and theoryy based on the distinct views of human beings. The blake mouton grid is a matrix that characterizes leaders based on two dimensions. Lowerlevel needs are a motivator salary that is undoubtedly a motivator, but they are only one. Copyright 2017, scholarly research journal for interdisciplinary.
Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. These theories are based on human behaviour in management. Douglas mcgregors theory x and y 1088 words essay example. How are mcgregors theories x and y and ouchis theory z used to explain worker motivation. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. According to theory x, managers assume that the average employee is lazy, dislikes work, are incapable of selfdirection and will not indulge in hard work. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource.
According to mcgregor, theory x management assumes the following. The business provides assistance to great lakes sailors and other transient labour. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles and has formed the basis for much subsequent writing on the subject economist. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y 22 words 6 pages. If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to mcgregor, youll likely use an authoritarian style of. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his 1960 book the human.
Sep 28, 2020 mcgregor s theory x and theory y is a simplistic, but useful account of two theories or visions of human behavior. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Managers ensure that workers are encouraged to work hard. Mar 30, 2019 the assumption of theory y is a management style in the workplace introduced by mcgregor.
Many organizations emphasize on the use of this type of style to empower workers. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Nov 25, 2019 theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregor s. Jul 11, 2017 many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y.
Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. From this he formulated two models of management based on hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Doc theory x and y analysis in management kitenda douglas.
The workers are committed to the objectives of the company and exercise selfcontrol and selfdirection to achieve them. He has given two pairs of assumptions about human beings which were implied by the actions of managers in the organization. Theory y managers encourage involvement and participation and provide. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and positive.
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